국내에서 스포츠정책에 대한 학문적 접근은 1998년 11월 창립된 ‘한국스포츠외교정치학회’에 뿌리를 두고 있으며, 이후 한국체육정책학회로 이어져 온 학문적 흐름과 깊은 관련을 맺고 있다. 학회 창립 이후 28년의 시간이 흐르는 동안 스포츠정책에 대한 학문적 관심은 꾸준히 확대되었고, 대학에서도 관련 교과목이 개설·운영되는 등 교육적 기반 역시 점차 형성되어 왔다.

그럼에도 불구하고 국내에서 스포츠정책을 정면으로 다룬 학술서가 충분히 축적되지 못했다는 점은, 학회 부회장과 상임이사를 역임한 저자에게 오래도록 아쉬움으로 남아 있었다.

 

특히 스포츠사회학 분야에는 우수한 학술서와 교재가 비교적 풍부하게 축적되어 온 데 비해, 스포츠정책학 분야에서는 학부생과 대학원생, 그리고 스포츠정책을 연구하고자 하는 예비 연구자들이 의지할 만한 체계적인 학술서가 사실상 부재한 상황이었다. 이러한 현실은 저자에게 스포츠정책을 전공한 학자로서 일종의 학문적 부채감을 갖게 했다.

 

저자는 고인이 되신 은사 임태성 교수님(한국체육정책학회 제2대 회장과 아시아스포츠정책 학회 초대 회장 역임)의 영향을 받아 석사과정 시절부터 스포츠정책에 대한 학문적 관심을 갖게 되었다.

이후 영국 Loughborough University의 Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy에서 Prof.Barrie Houlihan의 지도하에 스포츠정책학 전공으로 박사과정을 수학하였고, 그 과정에서 스포츠정책을 이론적·분석적으로 바라보는 학문적 토대를 형성할 수 있었다. 박사학위 과정을 마치고 귀국한 뒤 대학에서 스포츠정책 강의를 하면서, 영국을 비롯한 국제 학계에서는 스포츠정책학 관련 학술서와 연구 성과가 꾸준히 축적됐지만, 국내에서는 스포츠정책학을 학문적으로 학습하고 연구하기 위한 교재와 학술서가 충분하지 않다는 사실을 절감하게 되었다. 이에 저자는 언젠가 중견 학자의 위치에 이르면 스포츠정책학을 공부하는 학생과 연구자들을 위한 학술서를 집필하겠다고 다짐하였다. 이 책은 오랫동안 마음속에 품어 온 그 다짐을 현실화한 결과물이다.

[목 차]

제1부 스포츠정책학의 개괄적 이해

 

Chapter 01

스포츠정책학이란 무엇인가?: 개념적·유형적 관점 ······································ 3

01 스포츠정책의 개념과 관점 ·············································································· 3

02 스포츠정책 연구는 왜 필요한가? ··································································· 7

 

Chapter 02

스포츠정책 분석의 유형적 접근과 방법론·이론적 관점 ···························· 11

01 정책분석의 유형과 스포츠정책 ····································································· 11

02 스포츠정책 분석의 철학적 접근: 존재론·인식론적 관점 ····························· 15

03 스포츠정책 분석의 이론적 접근 ··································································· 18

 

제2부 정책분석 유형과 스포츠정책 분석의 이론과 실제

 

Chapter 03

정책과정 분석과 스포츠정책 ······································································ 27

01 정책 결정·변동 과정의 분석 ········································································ 27

02 정책 네트워크와 스포츠정책 ········································································ 47

 

Chapter 04

정책내용 분석과 스포츠정책 ······································································ 61

01 정책내용 분석의 개념 ··················································································· 61

02 정책 목표·대상·수단·전달 체계의 개념적 이해와 적용 ······························· 61

03 전문스포츠 정책내용(요소) 분석: SPLISS 모델 ········································· 68

04 생활스포츠 정책내용 및 요소 분석 ····························································· 90

 

Chapter 05

정책도구·수단 분석과 스포츠정책 ···························································· 101

01 정책도구의 개념적 이해 ············································································· 101

02 정책도구의 유형적 분류 ············································································· 106

03 정책도구와 스포츠정책 분석 사례 ····························································· 115

 

Chapter 06

스포츠정책 성과 분석 및 평가의 이론적 기반과 실제 ··························· 123

01 정책성과 분석의 개념적 이해 ···································································· 123

02 정책평가의 개념과 규범적 기준 ································································ 126

03 국민체육진흥기금 지원사업 성과평가 체계 ··············································· 133

04 스포츠정책의 성과 분석과 평가 사례 ························································ 143

 

Chapter 07

정책환경 분석과 스포츠정책 ···································································· 153

01 정책환경의 개념 ························································································· 153

02 정책환경 분석의 필요성 ············································································· 154

03 정책환경의 구성 요소 ················································································ 155

04 정책환경 분석의 이론적 접근 ···································································· 158

05 정책환경 분석 틀 ······················································································· 163

06 정책환경 변화와 스포츠정책 변동 사례 ···················································· 166

 

제3부 정책연구와 지식 탐구를 위한 방법론

 

Chapter 08

스포츠정책 비교연구 방법론 ···································································· 173

01 스포츠정책 비교연구의 의의와 필요성 ······················································ 173

02 스포츠정책 비교연구의 유형 ······································································ 174

03 비교연구 설계 전략 ···················································································· 178

04 스포츠정책 비교연구 사례 ······································································· 185

 

Chapter 09

스포츠정책의 확산과 변화: 정책학습과 정책전이의 관점 ······················ 199

01 정책학습과 정책전이의 이해와 스포츠정책 변화 ······································ 199

02 정책학습의 개념적 이해 ············································································· 201

03 정책전이의 개념적 이해 ············································································· 202

04 스포츠정책에서의 정책학습과 정책전이 ····················································· 204

05 정책학습과 정책 전이 분석을 위한 준거 틀 ··········································· 208

 

제4부 스포츠정책 이슈로 보는 적용과 확장

 

Chapter 10

정책불응과 스포츠정책 ············································································· 215

01 정책불응의 유형과 개념 ············································································· 215

02 정책불응의 원인 ························································································· 221

03 스포츠혁신위원회 권고안과 정책불응 ························································ 227

 

Chapter 11

굿 거버넌스와 스포츠조직 ········································································ 237

01 국제스포츠계에서의 굿 거버넌스 등장과 확산 ·········································· 237

02 스포츠조직의 개념과 특수성 ······································································ 238

03 거버넌스의 개념과 발전 ············································································· 238

04 굿 거버넌스의 핵심 원칙 ··········································································· 240

05 국제스포츠계의 굿 거버넌스 ······································································ 242

06 국제스포츠계의 굿 거버넌스 평가 모델 ·················································· 244

07 영국의 스포츠거버넌스 사례: A Code for Sports Governance ······· 261

08 국내 스포츠조직의 굿 거버넌스 연구 사례 ··············································· 267

 

제5부 스포츠정책의 실제: 법, 전달 체계, 정책 방향

 

Chapter 12

스포츠정책의 법적 기반과 전달 체계 ······················································ 279

01 스포츠정책 추진을 위한 법적 근거와 전달 체계 ···································· 279

02 스포츠 관련 법령 체계와 정책 기반 ························································· 280

03 스포츠정책 전달 체계: 스포츠클럽 육성 사업을 중심으로 ······················ 286

 

Chapter 13

역대 정부의 스포츠정책 비전과 방향: 토픽 모델링 접근 ······················ 291

01 역대 정부의 스포츠정책 분석 배경과 목적 ··············································· 291

02 토픽 모델링 분석 방법 ·············································································· 291

03 스포츠정책의 토픽 모델링 분석 결과 ························································ 293

04 종합적 고찰 ································································································ 317

표 목 차

 

표 1-1. 공공정책의 세 가지 관점의 유형화 ··················· 4

표 2-1. 스포츠정책 분석에 대한 유형적 접근 예시 ··············· 14

표 2-2. 대표적인 거시수준 이론과 스포츠정책 ····························· 21

표 3-1. 계층적 신념체계 구조 ············································ 41

표 3-2. 두 옹호연합 간 신념 체계 비교 ······················································ 47

표 3-3. 정책 네트워크와 이슈 네트워크의 개념적 비교 ························· 51

표 4-1. 스포츠정책 영역에서의 실질적·실행적 정책수단의 예 ·················· 66

표 4-2. 국제스포츠 성과(성공 요인)를 설명하는 다층적 접근과 요소 ················ 72

표 4-3. 9개 정책 요소를 조작화하기 위해 사용된 세부 지표들의 개요 ········· 82

표 4-4. 전문스포츠 정책내용 분석을 위한 SPLISS 모델의 재구조화 ·········· 85

표 4-5. SPLISS 모델에 기초한 골프 종목 정책분석을 위한 분석 틀과 내용 ············ 87

표 4-6. 생활스포츠 정책발전 3주(three layers pillars) 모델과 세부 정책 요소 ·········· 97

표 5-1. Hood(1983)의 정책도구 유형 분류 ················· 107

표 5-2. McDonnell & Elmore(1987)의 정책도구 유형 분류 ················· 110

표 5-3. Rothwell & Zegveld(1981)의 정책도구 유형 분류 ················· 111

표 5-4. 강제성과 직접성에 의한 정책수단 유형 ···························· 118

표 5-5. 생활스포츠 부문 정책 및 사업과 활용 수단 ··············· 119

표 6-1. 정책평가 기준에 따른 핵심 질문과 사례 ·························· 133

표 6-2. 2025년도 사업군별 평가 대상 사업 수와 지원액 ······················ 135

표 6-3. 2025년도 사업군별 성과 평가 대상 사업 ················ 135

표 6-4. 평가 내용 및 배점 체계 ····························· 136

표 6-5. 지표 유형별 체계 ········································· 137

표 6-6. 세부 평가지표 및 배점(일반 보조사업) ································ 137

표 6-7. 기금성과 평가의 계량평가와 비계량평가 구성 및 평가 방식 ················ 139

표 6-8. 성과 계산 방법 ·································· 140

표 6-9. 사업 유형별 성과지표 예시 ······························· 142

표 6-10. 스포츠산업 융자지원 사업 정책성과 분석을 위한 개념적 틀과 결과 요약 ···· 145

표 6-11. 체육계 비정상의 정상화 개혁 추진 정책성과 평가 기준의 조작적 정의 ··· 147

표 6-12. 5개 정책 분야의 정책성과 분석 결과 ····························· 148

표 6-13. 공공스포츠클럽 정책성과 평가 기준의 조작적 정의 ······················ 149

표 6-14. 2017~18년도 공공스포츠클럽 정책성과 분석 요약 ······················· 150

표 8-1. 스포츠정책 비교분석의 네 가지 유형 ······················· 175

표 8-2. 스포츠정책 비교연구 설계 전략 종합 ··························· 184

표 8-3. 비교 스포츠정책 연구의 주요 쟁점 및 한계 그리고 대응 전략 ··············· 185

표 8-4. 미국, 호주, 영국의 엘리트 운동선수들을 위한 경력개발 및 진로전환 프로그램의 개괄적 비교 · 188

표 8-5. 생활스포츠(신체활동) 참여 실태조사 방법론 비교·분석 항목 및 구성 체계 ········ 192

표 8-6. 세 국가의 스포츠/신체활동 참여실태 조사 체계 및 방법의 개괄적 비교(2021-22년) ··· 194

표 10-1. 스포츠혁신위원회 1~7차 권고안 주요 내용 ······················· 227

표 11-1. 굿 거버넌스의 핵심 구성 원칙 ····················· 240

표 11-2. IOC 굿 거버넌스의 원칙과 세부 지표 ···················· 246

표 11-3. S4GG의 평가 항목과 세부 구성 지표 및 준거 ··········· 249

표 11-4. S4GG 평가도구 점수 체계 ····························· 250

표 11-5. 투명성 지표 ·························· 258

표 11-6. 무결성 지표 ································· 258

표 11-7. 민주성 지표 ························ 259

표 11-8. 개발 및 지속가능성 지표 ························· 259

표 11-9. 지표 2.8: 외부 감사를 거친 연간 재무보고서의 공개의 평가 기준 예시 ·········· 260

표 11-10. Tier 1을 위한 의무 요구 사항 ··································· 265

표 11-11. Tier 3을 위한 의무 요구 사항 ·························· 266

표 11-12. 회원종목단체 선진화평가 군별 평가지표 ······························ 270

표 11-13. 회원종목단체 혁신평가 군별 평가지표 ································· 271

표 12-1. 스포츠·체육 관련 법령의 개괄 ···································· 282

표 13-1. 최근 3개 정부의 스포츠정책 문서에서 도출한 토픽(핵심 주제) ··················· 295

표 13-2. 역대 3개 정부별 스포츠정책 시계열 토픽 점유율 분석 ······················· 297

그림 목차

 

그림 1-1. 영국 정부의 유·청소년 스포츠전략 ························ 5

그림 1-2. 제1차 스포츠진흥기본계획 ························· 5

그림 1-3. 제1차 스포츠진흥기본계획의 [전략 1] 과제 ·································· 6

그림 1-4. 문체부와 대한체육회 간 경기력 향상비 감액 관련 보도 자료 ············· 7

그림 1-5. 정책학의 연구목적 ················ 9

그림 2-1. 정책분석의 유형 ···································· 12

그림 2-2. 방법론적 관점에 기초한 연구 구성 요소 들 간의 관계 ···················· 16

그림 2-3. 거시적·중시적·미시적 접근에 따른 관련 정책 이론 ················ 20

그림 3-1. 다중흐름모형(MSF) 구조 틀 ······················ 29

그림 3-2. 돔구장 및 지방 야구장 현대화를 위한 온·오프라인 국민청원 서명운동 ········· 34

그림 3-3. 국민체육진흥법과 스포츠산업진흥법 신·구조문 대비표 ············· 35

그림 3-4. 옹호연합모형(ACF)의 구조 틀 ··························· 39

그림 3-5. 정책 네트워크의 유형적 분류 ·································· 51

그림 3-6. 국가스포츠정책위원회 출범과 문체부-대한체육회 간 갈등 ·················· 54

그림 4-1. 세계 일류 스포츠시스템 구축을 위한 스포츠조직(영역) 간 전략적 비전과 연계 ·63

그림 4-2. A스포츠교실 사업추진 체계도 ································ 67

그림 4-3. C종목 선수 육성지원 사업추진 체계도 ························· 68

그림 4-4. 개인적 성공과 국가적 성공을 결정하는 요인 간의 다층적 관계 모형 ··········· 71

그림 4-5. 투입-과정-산출(IPO) 모형에 기반한 SPLISS 구성 요소 ··················· 74

그림 4-6. SPLISS 모델: 국제적 성공에 영향을 미치는 9개의 스포츠정책 요소로 구성된 이론적 모형 ·· 75

그림 4-7. 정책 요소 평가 차트의 범례 ························· 79

그림 4-8. 국가 간 9개의 정책 요소별 평가 점수 비교 ····························· 80

그림 4-9. SPLISS 파일럿연구에서 정책 ‘pillar 5’에 적용된 점수 산정 체계의 예시 ····· 81

그림 4-10. 생활스포츠 정책발전을 위한 3주(three layers pillars)모델 ······· 96

그림 5-1. 튼튼머니 사업 안내 자료 ················ 104

그림 5-2. 체육행사 안전관리 체계 제도화: 법 개정과 매뉴얼 정비 ······················· 104

그림 5-3. 수영장·헬스장 시설 이용료 소득공제 홍보 포스터 ······························ 113

그림 5-4. Rothwell & Zegveld(1981) 모형 기반 수정 정책도구 유형: 중국 청소년 체육정책 적용 116

그림 6-1. 투입과정산출 모형에 따른 사업분석 도식 ····························· 141

그림 7-1. 정책환경-투입-산출-환류의 체계모형 ··················· 159

그림 7-2. 역사적 제도주의 관점의 체육-교육 융합 정책 변동 과정 분석 틀 ················ 167

그림 9-1. 정책학습-교훈도출-정책전이의 맥락적 통합 분석 틀 ··················· 210

그림 10-1. ‘스포츠 4대 악 신고센터’ 개설 관련 보도자료 ···························· 217

그림 10-2. 스포츠계의 혁신위 2차 권고 반대 성명 발표 ······················· 229

그림 10-3. 운동에 전념하기 위해 학업을 포기하는 합리적 선택으로서의 전략적 불응 사례 ·· 232

그림 11-1. 자가진단 거미줄(Spider Web for Self Assesment) ························· 250

그림 11-2. SIGGS 3.0의 자가 평가도구 홈페이지 ································· 256

그림 11-3. 무결성 원칙의 첫 번째 질문 문항 ······························ 256

그림 11-4. ASOIF 회원 국제경기연맹 거버넌스 평가 점수에 따른 등급 분포 ·········· 261

그림 11-5. 대한체육회 굿 거버넌스 이행 수준 평가 결과 ······················· 268

그림 12-1. 스포츠클럽 육성 사업 체계도 ····················· 288

그림 13-1. LDA 토픽 모델링 수행 절차 ······································· 293

그림 13-2. 역대 3개 정부별 스포츠정책 시계열 토픽 점유율 ······························ 298

그림 13-3. 스포츠비전2018 ‘비전과 목표’ ·············································· 300

그림 13-4. 스포츠과학 거점센터 관련 보도자료 ································· 302

그림 13-5. 「2030스포츠비전」의 정책 비전 및 방향 ······························· 307

그림 13-6. 스포츠혁신위원회 출범 관련 보도자료 ···································· 309

그림 13-7. 「제1차 스포츠진흥기본계획」 비전 및 방향 ····························· 312

그림 13-8. 2024년 문화체육관광부 주요사업 및 예산 ······························· 314