[머리말]

 

이 책은 효과적인 헌법 선택형 실전대비를 위하여 구성된 책입니다. 역대 변호사시험 헌법 선택형 문제를 분석해보면, 대부분의 지문이 [기출문제 + 3개년 최신판례 + 헌법 및 부속법령 조문]에서 출제되어 왔습니다. 효과적인 선택형 고득점을 위해 제일 중요한 기초야말로 바로 기출문제분석입니다. 수험생으로서는 기출문제 분석을 통해 헌법의 큰 줄기와 출제경향을 파악하여야 합니다.

 

이 책의 특징은 다음과 같습니다.

 

1. 역대 변호사시험(1~14회) 헌법 선택형 기출문제를 모두 수록해두었습니다. 특히 변호사시험 중 헌법과 행정법의 경계선에 있는 문제들은 모두 헌법 문제로 취급하여 수록했습니다. 이에 따라 총 280문제 이상이 수록되어 있습니다. 특히 제5판까지는 5개년 사법시험 문제도 수록해두었으나 이제 변호사시험 기출문제도 충분히 쌓였고, 효율적인 학습분량 조절을 위해 제6판부터는 사법시험 문제를 제외하고 변호사시험 문제로만 구성을 하였습니다.

 

2. 위 기출문제들을 가장 효과적으로 진도별 배치를 하였습니다. 본 책을 공부하는 것만으로 기본서의 중요부분을 1회독 하는 효과를 낼 수 있습니다.

 

3. 변경되거나 새로이 위헌결정이 나온 헌법재판소 결정례와 개정 부속법률을 빠짐없이 반영하였습니다. 이에 따라 출제 이후 법령개정, 판례변경 등을

이유로 출제 당시와 정답이 바뀐 부분에 대해서는 별도로 언급을 해두었습니다.

 

4. 그 어떤 선택형 해설 교재보다 정확한 해설을 담기 위해 노력했습니다. 특히 판례 해설의 경우 여러분의 기억에 오래 남을 수 있도록 ‘결론을 이끌어내는 논거’ 부분을 최대한 수록하려고 하였으니, OX위주나 결론 위주로 지문을 읽으시기보다 해당 지문의 논거를 함께 생각해보시기를 권면합니다.

 

본 기출문제집은 변호사시험 대비를 위한 헌법 선택형 학습의 〈전부〉는 아니지만, 반드시 시간을 내어 공부하셔야 할 〈필수〉적인 분량입니다. 일부 수험생들이 저에게 “헌법선택형은 기출에서는 출제되지 않는다고 들었다.”는 이야기를 합니다만, 본 기출문제집을 풀어보시면 결국 중요 법리 + 중요판례가 빈번히 출제되고 해당 지문들이 대부분 〈정답결정력〉이 있음을 확인할 수 있습니다.

변호사시험 기출문제들을 충분히 학습하신 다음, 여러분들이 생각하는 우선순위를 정하여 추가적인 지문 학습을 하시면 되겠습니다.

다시 한번 말씀드리지만 본 책은 헌법 선택형 학습의 〈필수적인 최소한〉입니다. 반드시 최근 모의고사 몇 개년, 최근 기출된 타 직렬 기출문제 등 스스로의 상황에 맞게 추가적으로 학습할 분량을 정하셔야 합니다.

 

본 교재로 충분히 학습을 하셨다면, 이후 『최종정리 헌법 OX』로 최종적인 지문 정리를 하시거나, 이와 병행을 하셔도 좋겠습니다. OX 교재를 통해서는 지문을 꼼꼼히 보는 훈련을, 선택형 교재를 통해서는 지문의 구성과 실전 문제풀이 연습을 하실 수 있습니다.

 

늘 두렵고 떨리는 마음으로 개정 작업을 하고 있습니다. 한 문제 한 문제 다시 꼼꼼히 풀어보며 해설이 부족한 것이 있는지 확인을 하고 있으나, 혹시 미흡한 부분이나 교재에 의문이 드는 점이 있다면 언제든지 문의주십시오.

 

이 책이 여러분의 꿈을 이루는데 도움이 되기를 바랍니다. 세상에 꼭 필요한 법률가가 되기를 진심으로 응원합니다.

 

2025. 2. 6.

강성민 드림.

[목 차]

제1편 헌법재판

제1장 헌법재판제도 일반이론··························· 3

제2장 개별심판절차·······························20

제1절 위헌법률심판·······························20

제2절 위헌심사형 헌법소원심판························· 25

제3절 권리구제형 헌법소원심판························· 40

제4절 권한쟁의심판·······························84

제2편 기본권론·································97

제1장 기본권 총론······························· 99

제1절 기본권 일반······························· 99

제2절 기본권의 성격······························ 99

제3절 기본권과 제도보장···························· 99

제4절 기본권의 주체······························ 99

제5절 기본권의 효력····························· 106

제6절 기본권의 경합과 충돌·························· 107

제7절 기본권의 제한 및 한계························· 107

제8절 기본권의 보호의무··························· 116

제2장 인간의 존엄과 가치ㆍ행복추구권······················ 119

제3장 평등권································· 126

제4장 자유권적 기본권···························· 148

제1절 인신에 관한 자유···························· 148

제1항 생명권································· 148

제2항 신체를 훼손당하지 않을 권리······················ 148

제3항 신체의 자유······························ 148

제2절 사생활영역의 자유··························· 168

제1항 사생활의 비밀과 자유·························· 168

제2항 주거의 자유······························ 174

제3항 거주ㆍ이전의 자유···························· 174

제4항 통신의 자유······························ 176

제3절 정신생활영역의 자유·························· 180

제1항 양심의 자유······························ 180

제2항 종교의 자유······························ 184

제3항 언론ㆍ출판의 자유···························· 186

제4항 집회ㆍ결사의 자유···························· 196

제5항 학문과 예술의 자유··························· 204

제4절 경제생활영역의 자유·························· 205

제1항 재산권································· 205

제2항 직업의 자유······························ 218

제3항 소비자의 권리····························· 224

제5장 정치적 기본권····························· 225

제1절 총 설································· 225

제2절 참정권································· 225

제6장 청구권적 기본권···························· 231

제1절 청구권적 기본권 일반이론························ 231

제2절 청원권································· 231

제3절 재판청구권······························· 231

제4절 국가배상청구권····························· 237

제5절 형사보상청구권····························· 240

제6절 범죄피해자구조청구권·························· 240

제7절 청구권적 기본권 종합문제························ 241

제7장 사회적 기본권····························· 242

제1절 사회적 기본권의 일반론························· 242

제2절 인간다운 생활을 할 권리························ 242

제3절 교육을 받을 권리···························· 248

제4절 근로의 권리······························ 260

제5절 근로3권································ 260

제6절 환경권································· 264

제7절 혼인과 가족생활의 보장························· 264

제8절 모성의 보호······························ 268

제9절 보건권································· 268

제8장 국민의 기본적 의무··························· 269

제3편 헌법총론································ 271

제1장 헌법과 헌법학····························· 273

제1절 헌법 일반······························· 273

제2절 헌법의 해석······························ 273

제3절 헌법의 제정ㆍ개정ㆍ변천ㆍ수호························ 278

제2장 대한민국 헌법총설··························· 281

제1절 대한민국 헌정사···························· 281

제2절 대한민국 국가형태··························· 290

제3절 헌법의 적용범위···························· 290

제4절 한국헌법의 기본원리·························· 296

제1항 헌법전문································ 296

제2항 국민주권의 원리 ···························· 298

제3항 민주주의의 원리···························· 298

제4항 법치국가의 원리···························· 298

제5항 사회국가의 원리···························· 314

제6항 문화국가의 원리···························· 320

제7항 평화국가 원리····························· 322

제5절 정당제도································ 325

제6절 선거제도································ 335

제7절 공무원제도······························· 346

제8절 지방자치제도······························ 351

제9절 종합문제································ 364

제4편 통치구조································ 369

제1장 통치구조의 구성원리·························· 371

제1절 대의제의 원리····························· 371

제2절 권력분립의 원리···························· 371

제3절 정부형태································ 372

제2장 국 회································· 373

제1절 의회주의································ 373

제2절 국회의 구성과 조직··························· 373

제3절 국회의 회의운영과 의사원칙······················· 376

제4절 국회의 권한······························ 378

제1항 입법에 관한 권한···························· 379

제2항 재정에 관한 권한···························· 387

제3항 국정통제에 관한 권한·························· 395

제4항 인사에 관한 권한···························· 401

제5항 국회의 자율권····························· 401

제5절 국회의원의 헌법상 지위와 특권····················· 402

제3장 대통령과 정부····························· 410

제1절 대통령································· 410

제1항 대통령의 헌법상 지위와 신분······················ 410

제2항 대통령의 권한과 그 통제························ 414

제3항 행정입법································ 426

제2절 행정부································· 440

제1항 국무총리································ 442

제2항 국무위원ㆍ행정각부의장ㆍ국무회의ㆍ자문기관················· 445

제3항 감사원································· 445

제3절 선거관리위원회····························· 446

제4절 종합 문제······························· 446

제4장 법 원································· 449

제1절 사법권의 독립····························· 449

제2절 법원의 조직······························ 458

제3절 사법절차와 운영···························· 458

제4절 법원의 권한······························ 458