2024년 작업치료 개념서 03-아동 CHAPTER 1 아동작업치료의 개관 _9 1.1 개요 ························································································ 11 1.2 임상적 추론 ············································································ 12 1.3 아동 평가 ··············································································· 15 1.4 치료계획 ················································································· 17 1.5 목표 및 전략·········································································· 18 1.6 근거 있는 치료 ······································································· 24 Summary ······················································································ 25 CHAPTER 2 팀 구성 및 기초 이론 _27 2.1 개요 ························································································ 29 2.2 함께 하는 전문가들 ································································29 2.3 팀 역동 모델 ·········································································· 30 2.4 아동작업치료의 이론 ······························································ 33 2.5 기초이론 ················································································· 35 2.6 작업치료사가 사용하는 중재 모델 ········································· 47 Summary ······················································································ 53 CHAPTER 3 아동을 위한 평가 _55 3.1 개요 ························································································ 57 3.2 아동 평가도구 : 측정 및 평가 참조 ······································ 58 Summary ······················································································ 72 CHAPTER 4 자세 조절의 발달 _73 4.1 운동 발달 ··············································································· 75 4.2 자세 반응의 발달 ··································································· 80 4.3 자세 조절 평가 ······································································· 82 4.4 치료적 중재 ············································································ 83 4.5 운동발달 ················································································· 87 4.6 자세발달 ················································································· 89 4.7 영유아의 반사 ········································································· 91 4.8 중추신경계 반사 ····································································· 92 Summary ···················································································· 110 CHAPTER 5 손 기술의 발달 _113 5.1 손 기술 ················································································· 115 5.2 감각기능 ··············································································· 115 5.3 신경/근육/골격 ······································································ 116 5.4 손 기술 발달 ········································································ 116 5.5 잡기 패턴의 발달순서 ·························································· 120 5.6 In-Hand Manipulation 기술 ················································· 121 5.7 손 기술의 문제 ····································································· 123 5.8 아동의 작업과 손 기술과의 관계 ········································· 124 5.9 평가 ······················································································ 126 5.10 치료적 중재 ········································································ 127 5.11 스플린트의 사용 ································································· 142 Summary ···················································································· 143 CHAPTER 6 감각통합 _145 6.1 개요 ······················································································ 147 6.2 아동의 감각통합 ··································································· 147 6.3 신경생리학을 기초로 하는 개념들 ······································· 148 6.4 아동의 작업과 감각통합의 발달 ··········································· 150 6.5 감각통합의 문제 ··································································· 152 6.6 감각통합의 장애 ··································································· 153 6.7 감각통합 장애의 치료 ·························································· 157 6.8 감각분별 및 지각의 문제 ····················································· 160 6.9 전정감각 및 고유수용성 감각 ·············································· 161 6.10 평가 ···················································································· 162 Summary ···················································································· 164 CHAPTER 7 식사를 위한 중재 _165 7.1 개요 ······················································································ 167 7.2 식사 발달 ·············································································· 167 7.3 전형적인 구강구조의 발달 ···················································· 169 7.4 먹기 기술과 관련된 전형적인 구강운동 발달 ······················ 170 7.5 평가 ······················································································ 177 7.6 감각의 문제를 지닌 아동에 대한 중재 ································ 179 7.7 구강운동 수행증진을 위한 중재 ··········································· 181 7.8 삼키기 문제에 대한 중재 ····················································· 189 Summary ···················································································· 190 CHAPTER 8 일상생활동작 _191 8.1 ADL 및 IADL 활동 ···························································· 193 8.2 수행에 영양을 주는 요소 ····················································· 193 8.3 치료 전략 및 접근 ······························································· 194 8.4 치료 테크닉 ·········································································· 199 Summary ···················································································· 208 CHAPTER 9 일반적인 아동의 질환 _209 9.1 심폐질환 ··············································································· 211 9.2 혈액의 장애 ·········································································· 213 9.3 근골격의 장애 ······································································· 214 9.4 신경근육 질환 ······································································· 215 9.5 소아 정신의학 기타(염색체) 질환 ········································ 224 CHAPTER 10 시지각 _225 10.1 정의 ···················································································· 227 10.2 눈의 해부학적 구조 ···························································· 227 10.3 시각 인지 기능 ··································································· 228 10.4 시지각 발달 ········································································ 231 10.5 시지각 문제 ········································································ 232 10.6 평가 ···················································································· 233 10.7 보상적 접근법 ····································································· 234 10.8 다양한 중재 전략 ······························································· 235 CHAPTER 11 신생아 집중치료실 _237 11.1 신생아 집중치료의 진화 ····················································· 239 11.2 신생아 작업치료의 진화 ····················································· 240 11.3 의학적 기초 ········································································ 241 11.4 NICU의 환경 ······································································ 244 11.5 NICU의 영아 ······································································ 249 11.6 스트레스와 안정 상태 비교 ················································ 256 11.7 미숙아의 자세 ····································································· 256 11.8 기타 ···················································································· 259 CHAPTER 12 쓰기 전 기술 및 쓰기 기술 _263 12.1 개요 ···················································································· 265 12.2 쓰기 과정 ············································································ 266 12.3 쓰기 평가 ············································································ 268 12.4 쓰기 수행 평가 ··································································· 269 12.5 쓰기 평가 ············································································ 270 12.6 수기 중재 ············································································ 271 CHAPTER 13 수단적 일상생활 활동과 지역사회 참여 _275 13.1 IADL 발달 ········································································· 277 13.2 지역사회 참여와 관련된 개인적/환경적 영향 ····················· 282 13.3 IADL 및 지역사회 참여에 관한 평가 ································ 284 13.4 중재 계획 및 실행 ······························································ 286 13.5 중재 모델과 전략 ······························································· 287 CHAPTER 14 기 타 _291 14.1 아동의 놀이 ········································································ 293 14.2 행동치료(행동수정) 기법 ····················································· 295